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Joseph Kruk (d. 1972〔) was a Polish Jewish socialist politician. Kruk took part in founding the first labour Zionist grouping in his hometown Częstochowa prior to the Russian Revolution of 1905. When the revolution broke out, he was a major leader of the territorialist Zionist Socialist Workers Party in the city.〔''(Czestochowa Poland )〕 In 1906 he went into exile. Kruk travelled over most parts of Europe He studied Law at the University of Berne, obtaining a doctoral degree. During the First World War he and his wife, Roza Kruk, lived in London.〔〔Kadish, Sharman. ''(Bolsheviks and British Jews: The Anglo-Jewish Community, Britain, and the Russian Revolution ). London, England: F. Cass, 1992. p. 187〕 Kruk returned to Poland in 1918 and settled down in Warsaw. He became a leader of the ''Fareynikte'' party (into which the Zionist-Socialists had merged).〔 In 1922 Kruk and the ''Fareynikte'' merged into the Independent Socialist Labour Party.〔''(UNITED JEWISH SOCIALIST WORKERS' PARTY )''〕 By 1927 the Independent Socialist Labour Party was in crisis. The question on cooperation with the communists divided the party. The party was split in two, one group led by Bolesław Drobner and another led by Kruk. Drobner's group merged into the Polish Socialist Party in 1928, whilst Kruk's group continued operate as the Independent Socialist Labour Party.〔Kowalski, Werner. ''(Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19 )''. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. pp. 317-318〕 After the split, Kruk took over Drobner's seat as one of the Polish representatives in the executive of the Labour and Socialist International. Kruk was a member of the executive between June 1928 and October 1930, sharing the seat with the Yugoslav socialist leader Živko Topalović (like Drobner had done as well).〔Kowalski, Werner. ''(Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19 )''. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 284〕 In 1937 Kruk and his Warsaw-based group merged into the Poalei Zion Right.〔Marcus, Joseph. ''(Social and Political History of the Jews in Poland, 1919-1939 )''. Berlin: Mouton Publishers, 1983. p. 284〕 However, even after having joined the Zionist mainstream Kruk retained links with the territorialist Freyland League.〔 In 1939 Kruk migrated to Palestine.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph Kruk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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